{"bio":"Махму́д II (осман. محمود ثانى‎ / Mahmûd-u sânî, тур. İkinci Mahmut) (20 июля 1785, Стамбул — 1 июля 1839, Стамбул) — 30-й османский султан в 1808—1839. В 1820–1830-х годах заложил основы Танзимата, проведя ряд прогрессивных реформ, в том числе уничтожение янычарского корпуса, ликвидацию военно-ленной системы и другое. При нём обострились отношения Османской империи с Египтом, который фактически проводил независимую от султанского правительства политику.","born":{"calendar":"gregorian","day":20,"month":7,"place":{"name":"Стамбул","slug":"stambul","url":"https://kogda.com/place/stambul"},"year":1785},"description":"османский султан (1808—1839)","died":{"calendar":"gregorian","day":1,"month":7,"place":{"name":"Стамбул","slug":"stambul","url":"https://kogda.com/place/stambul"},"year":1839},"facts":[{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":20,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/20-iyulya","month":7,"text":"20 июля 1785 года","year":1785,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1785"},"id":144003,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Махмуд II","slug":"mahmud-ii","url":"https://kogda.com/p/mahmud-ii"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-mahmud-ii","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_июля"},"text":"османский султан (1808—1839)","title":"Махмуд II","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-mahmud-ii","weight":79}],"family":[{"name":"Абдул-Хамид I","role":"father","slug":"abdul-hamid-i","url":"https://kogda.com/p/abdul-hamid-i"},{"name":"Абдул-Азиз","role":"child","slug":"abdul-aziz","url":"https://kogda.com/p/abdul-aziz"},{"name":"Мустафа IV","role":"sibling","slug":"mustafa-iv","url":"https://kogda.com/p/mustafa-iv"}],"id":19083,"image":{"author":"Henry Guillaume Schlesinger","license":"Public domain","original":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mahmud_II.jpg?width=500","url":"https://kogda.com/img/p/mahmud-ii.jpg"},"license":"Тексты: Русская Википедия, CC BY-SA 4.0. Люди и места: Wikidata, CC0.","mentions":[],"name":"Махмуд II","qid":"Q174791","slug":"mahmud-ii","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Махмуд_II"},"url":"https://kogda.com/p/mahmud-ii","weight":79,"wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174791"}