{"description":"направление в живописи, скульптуре и графике XX века; абстракционисты изображают мир в виде сочетаний отвлечённых форм и цветовых пятен","events":[{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":28,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/28-yanvarya","month":1,"text":"28 января 1912 года","year":1912,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1912"},"id":115784,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Джексон Поллок","slug":"dzhekson-pollok","url":"https://kogda.com/p/dzhekson-pollok"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-dzhekson-pollok","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/28_января"},"text":"американский художник-абстракционист","title":"Джексон Поллок","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-dzhekson-pollok","weight":118},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":16,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/16-dekabrya","month":12,"text":"16 декабря 1866 года","year":1866,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1866"},"id":166299,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Василий Кандинский","slug":"vasilij-kandinskij","url":"https://kogda.com/p/vasilij-kandinskij"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-vasilij-kandinskij","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_декабря"},"text":"русский художник, один из основоположников абстракционизма","title":"Василий Кандинский","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-vasilij-kandinskij","weight":103},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":13,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/13-dekabrya","month":12,"text":"13 декабря 1944 года","year":1944,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1944"},"id":165961,"kind":"death","people":[{"name":"Василий Кандинский","slug":"vasilij-kandinskij","url":"https://kogda.com/p/vasilij-kandinskij"}],"places":[],"slug":"smert-vasilij-kandinskij","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/13_декабря"},"text":"русский художник, один из основоположников абстракционизма","title":"Василий Кандинский","url":"https://kogda.com/e/smert-vasilij-kandinskij","weight":103},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":23,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/23-fevralya","month":2,"text":"23 февраля 1879 года","year":1879,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1879"},"id":120190,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Казимир Малевич","slug":"kazimir-malevich","url":"https://kogda.com/p/kazimir-malevich"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-kazimir-malevich","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/23_февраля"},"text":"российский художник-абстракционист, автор «Чёрного квадрата»","title":"Казимир Малевич","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-kazimir-malevich","weight":85},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":29,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/29-yanvarya","month":1,"text":"29 января 1905 года","year":1905,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1905"},"id":116002,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Барнетт Ньюман","slug":"barnett-nyuman","url":"https://kogda.com/p/barnett-nyuman"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-barnett-nyuman","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/29_января"},"text":"американский художник-абстракционист","title":"Барнетт Ньюман","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-barnett-nyuman","weight":37},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":4,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/4-iyulya","month":7,"text":"4 июля 1970 года","year":1970,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1970"},"id":141508,"kind":"death","people":[{"name":"Барнетт Ньюман","slug":"barnett-nyuman","url":"https://kogda.com/p/barnett-nyuman"}],"places":[],"slug":"smert-barnett-nyuman","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_июля"},"text":"американский художник-абстракционист","title":"Барнетт Ньюман","url":"https://kogda.com/e/smert-barnett-nyuman","weight":37},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":22,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/22-dekabrya","month":12,"text":"22 декабря 1908 года","year":1908,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1908"},"id":167112,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Макс Билль","slug":"maks-bill","url":"https://kogda.com/p/maks-bill"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-maks-bill","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/22_декабря"},"text":"швейцарский скульптор, художник-абстракционист, архитектор, дизайнер","title":"Макс Билль","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-maks-bill","weight":27},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":9,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/9-dekabrya","month":12,"text":"9 декабря 1994 года","year":1994,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1994"},"id":165511,"kind":"death","people":[{"name":"Макс Билль","slug":"maks-bill","url":"https://kogda.com/p/maks-bill"}],"places":[],"slug":"smert-maks-bill","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/9_декабря"},"text":"швейцарский скульптор, художник-абстракционист, архитектор, дизайнер","title":"Макс Билль","url":"https://kogda.com/e/smert-maks-bill","weight":27},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":8,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/8-yanvarya","month":1,"text":"8 января 1900 года","year":1900,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1900"},"id":113034,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Серж Поляков","slug":"serzh-polyakov","url":"https://kogda.com/p/serzh-polyakov"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-serzh-polyakov","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/8_января"},"text":"французский живописец-абстракционист российского происхождения","title":"Серж Поляков","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-serzh-polyakov","weight":19},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":30,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/30-yanvarya","month":1,"text":"30 января 1920 года","year":1920,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1920"},"id":116170,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Патрик Херон","slug":"patrik-heron","url":"https://kogda.com/p/patrik-heron"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-patrik-heron","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_января"},"text":"британский художник-абстракционист","title":"Патрик Херон","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-patrik-heron","weight":6},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":20,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/20-marta","month":3,"text":"20 марта 1999 года","year":1999,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1999"},"id":124889,"kind":"death","people":[{"name":"Патрик Херон","slug":"patrik-heron","url":"https://kogda.com/p/patrik-heron"}],"places":[],"slug":"smert-patrik-heron","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_марта"},"text":"британский художник-абстракционист","title":"Патрик Херон","url":"https://kogda.com/e/smert-patrik-heron","weight":6}],"facts_total":11,"id":170,"kind":"art","kind_name":"Искусство и жанры","library":[],"license":"Тексты: Русская Википедия, CC BY-SA 4.0. Люди и места: Wikidata, CC0.","name":"Абстракционизм","people":[{"born_year":1912,"description":"американский художник-абстракционист","died_year":1956,"name":"Джексон Поллок","place":{"name":"Коди","slug":"kodi","url":"https://kogda.com/place/kodi"},"portrait":"https://kogda.com/img/p/dzhekson-pollok.jpg","slug":"dzhekson-pollok","url":"https://kogda.com/p/dzhekson-pollok","weight":118,"year":1912},{"born_year":1866,"description":"русский художник, один из основоположников абстракционизма","died_year":1944,"name":"Василий Кандинский","place":{"name":"Нёйи-сюр-Сен","slug":"nyoji-syur-sen","url":"https://kogda.com/place/nyoji-syur-sen"},"portrait":"https://kogda.com/img/p/vasilij-kandinskij.jpg","slug":"vasilij-kandinskij","url":"https://kogda.com/p/vasilij-kandinskij","weight":103,"year":1944},{"born_year":1879,"description":"российский художник-абстракционист, автор «Чёрного квадрата»","died_year":1935,"name":"Казимир Малевич","place":{"name":"Киев","slug":"kiev","url":"https://kogda.com/place/kiev"},"portrait":"https://kogda.com/img/p/kazimir-malevich.jpg","slug":"kazimir-malevich","url":"https://kogda.com/p/kazimir-malevich","weight":85,"year":1879},{"born_year":1905,"description":"американский художник-абстракционист","died_year":1970,"name":"Барнетт Ньюман","place":{"name":"Нью-Йорк","slug":"nyu-jork","url":"https://kogda.com/place/nyu-jork"},"portrait":"https://kogda.com/img/p/barnett-nyuman.jpg","slug":"barnett-nyuman","url":"https://kogda.com/p/barnett-nyuman","weight":37,"year":1905},{"born_year":1908,"description":"швейцарский скульптор, художник-абстракционист, архитектор, дизайнер","died_year":1994,"name":"Макс Билль","place":{"name":"Берлин","slug":"berlin","url":"https://kogda.com/place/berlin"},"portrait":"https://kogda.com/img/p/maks-bill.jpg","slug":"maks-bill","url":"https://kogda.com/p/maks-bill","weight":27,"year":1994},{"born_year":1900,"description":"французский живописец-абстракционист российского происхождения","died_year":1969,"name":"Серж Поляков","place":{"name":"Москва","slug":"moskva","url":"https://kogda.com/place/moskva"},"portrait":null,"slug":"serzh-polyakov","url":"https://kogda.com/p/serzh-polyakov","weight":19,"year":1900},{"born_year":1920,"description":"британский художник-абстракционист","died_year":1999,"name":"Патрик Херон","place":null,"portrait":null,"slug":"patrik-heron","url":"https://kogda.com/p/patrik-heron","weight":6,"year":1920}],"qid":"Q128115","slug":"abstrakcionizm","summary":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","source_url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Абстракционизм","text":"Абстракциони́зм (abstract art) (лат. abstractus — «отвлечённый», беспредметное искусство, абстрактное искусство) — направление в изобразительном искусстве XX века, в котором используется система формальных элементов, таких как линия, плоскость, цветовое пятно и отвлечённая конфигурация, вместо изображения форм реальной действительности. Абстракционизм проявлен не только в живописи и скульптуре, но и во всех остальных видах искусства, в первую очередь в музыке. Абстрактный язык в искусстве появился в древних временах, о чём свидетельствуют абстрактные орнаменты на поверхностях древнейших артефактов. До сих пор дискуссионным остаётся вопрос, что появилось раньше, абстрактное или реалистическое искусство. Абстрактная живопись появилась в начале XX века, когда идея рисовать абстрактные формы овладела сознанием художников. Наиболее известными художниками-абстракционистами являются: Василий Кандинский (основатель), Казимир Малевич, Александр Родченко, Франтишек Купка, Артур Доув, Франсис Пикабиа, Михаил Ларионов, Пит Мондриан, Пауль Клее, Эль Лисицкий, Александр Архипенко, Робер Делоне, Джексон Поллок, Барнет Ньюмен, Марк Ротко, Клиффорд Стилл, Марк Тоби, Франц Клайн, Павел Филонов, Юрий Злотников, Виктор Вазарели, Арнульф Райнер, Антони Тапиес, Виллем де Кунинг, Герхард Рихтер, Джерри Зенюк, Брайс Марден, Иван Марчук, Бриджит Райли, Сай Твомбли, Эльсуорт Келли, Евгений Чубаров."},"title":"Абстракционизм","url":"https://kogda.com/ya/abstrakcionizm","weight":89,"wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128115"}