{"description":"направление в литературе и искусстве ХХ века. Отличия: аллюзии и парадоксальные сочетания.","events":[{"category":"culture","date":{"calendar":null,"day":14,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/14-noyabrya","month":11,"text":"14 ноября 1925 года","year":1925,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1925"},"id":161819,"kind":"event","people":[{"name":"Пабло Пикассо","slug":"pablo-pikasso","url":"https://kogda.com/p/pablo-pikasso"}],"places":[],"slug":"v-parizhe-otkryvaetsya-vystavka-iskusstva-syurrealistov-1925","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/14_ноября"},"text":"","title":"В Париже открывается выставка искусства сюрреалистов, включающая работы Макса Эрнста, Мана Рэя, Джоан Миро и Пабло Пикассо","url":"https://kogda.com/e/v-parizhe-otkryvaetsya-vystavka-iskusstva-syurrealistov-1925","weight":265},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":23,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/23-yanvarya","month":1,"text":"23 января 1989 года","year":1989,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1989"},"id":115085,"kind":"death","people":[{"name":"Сальвадор Дали","slug":"salvador-dali","url":"https://kogda.com/p/salvador-dali"}],"places":[],"slug":"smert-salvador-dali","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/23_января"},"text":"испанский художник-сюрреалист, живописец, график, скульптор, режиссёр, писатель","title":"Сальвадор Дали","url":"https://kogda.com/e/smert-salvador-dali","weight":247},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":26,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/26-avgusta","month":8,"text":"26 августа 1880 года","year":1880,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1880"},"id":149917,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Гийом Аполлинер","slug":"gijom-apolliner","url":"https://kogda.com/p/gijom-apolliner"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-gijom-apolliner","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/26_августа"},"text":"французский поэт итальянско-польского происхождения. Автор термина «сюрреализм»","title":"Гийом Аполлинер","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-gijom-apolliner","weight":109},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":19,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/19-fevralya","month":2,"text":"19 февраля 1896 года","year":1896,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1896"},"id":119593,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Андре Бретон","slug":"andre-breton","url":"https://kogda.com/p/andre-breton"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-andre-breton","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_февраля"},"text":"французский писатель и поэт, основоположник сюрреализма","title":"Андре Бретон","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-andre-breton","weight":89},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":3,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/3-oktyabrya","month":10,"text":"3 октября 1897 года","year":1897,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1897"},"id":155588,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Луи Арагон","slug":"lui-aragon","url":"https://kogda.com/p/lui-aragon"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-lui-aragon","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_октября"},"text":"французский поэт, основоположник сюрреализма («Страстная неделя», «Реальный мир», «Театр-роман»), участник Сопротивления","title":"Луи Арагон","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-lui-aragon","weight":85},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":2,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/2-aprelya","month":4,"text":"2 апреля 1891 года","year":1891,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1891"},"id":126787,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Макс Эрнст","slug":"maks-ernst","url":"https://kogda.com/p/maks-ernst"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-maks-ernst","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/2_апреля"},"text":"франко-германский художник, скульптор, один из основоположников сюрреализма","title":"Макс Эрнст","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-maks-ernst","weight":72},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":16,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/16-marta","month":3,"text":"16 марта 1957 года","year":1957,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1957"},"id":124190,"kind":"death","people":[{"name":"Константин Бранкузи","slug":"konstantin-brankuzi","url":"https://kogda.com/p/konstantin-brankuzi"}],"places":[],"slug":"smert-konstantin-brankuzi","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_марта"},"text":"французский скульптор-сюрреалист румынского происхождения","title":"Константин Бранкузи","url":"https://kogda.com/e/smert-konstantin-brankuzi","weight":65},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":4,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/4-aprelya","month":4,"text":"4 апреля 1846 года","year":1846,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1846"},"id":127076,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Граф Лотреамон","slug":"graf-lotreamon","url":"https://kogda.com/p/graf-lotreamon"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-graf-lotreamon","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/4_апреля"},"text":"французский прозаик и поэт, предтеча символизма и сюрреализма","title":"Граф Лотреамон","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-graf-lotreamon","weight":59},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":24,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/24-noyabrya","month":11,"text":"24 ноября 1870 года","year":1870,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1870"},"id":163520,"kind":"death","people":[{"name":"Граф Лотреамон","slug":"graf-lotreamon","url":"https://kogda.com/p/graf-lotreamon"}],"places":[],"slug":"smert-graf-lotreamon","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/24_ноября"},"text":"французский прозаик и поэт, поздний предтеча символизма и сюрреализма","title":"Граф Лотреамон","url":"https://kogda.com/e/smert-graf-lotreamon","weight":59},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":21,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/21-fevralya","month":2,"text":"21 февраля 1903 года","year":1903,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1903"},"id":119901,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Раймон Кено","slug":"rajmon-keno","url":"https://kogda.com/p/rajmon-keno"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-rajmon-keno","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/21_февраля"},"text":"французский писатель-сюрреалист","title":"Раймон Кено","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-rajmon-keno","weight":59},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":25,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/25-oktyabrya","month":10,"text":"25 октября 1976 года","year":1976,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1976"},"id":159057,"kind":"death","people":[{"name":"Раймон Кено","slug":"rajmon-keno","url":"https://kogda.com/p/rajmon-keno"}],"places":[],"slug":"smert-rajmon-keno","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/25_октября"},"text":"французский писатель-сюрреалист, эссеист, переводчик","title":"Раймон Кено","url":"https://kogda.com/e/smert-rajmon-keno","weight":59},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":22,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/22-yanvarya","month":1,"text":"22 января 1879 года","year":1879,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1879"},"id":114859,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Франсис Пикабиа","slug":"fransis-pikabia","url":"https://kogda.com/p/fransis-pikabia"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-fransis-pikabia","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/22_января"},"text":"французский художник-дадаист и сюрреалист","title":"Франсис Пикабиа","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-fransis-pikabia","weight":57},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":30,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/30-noyabrya","month":11,"text":"30 ноября 1953 года","year":1953,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1953"},"id":164316,"kind":"death","people":[{"name":"Франсис Пикабиа","slug":"fransis-pikabia","url":"https://kogda.com/p/fransis-pikabia"}],"places":[],"slug":"smert-fransis-pikabia","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_ноября"},"text":"французский художник-дадаист и сюрреалист","title":"Франсис Пикабиа","url":"https://kogda.com/e/smert-fransis-pikabia","weight":57},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":5,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/5-yanvarya","month":1,"text":"5 января 1900 года","year":1900,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1900"},"id":112648,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Ив Танги","slug":"iv-tangi","url":"https://kogda.com/p/iv-tangi"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-iv-tangi","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_января"},"text":"американский художник-сюрреалист французского происхождения","title":"Ив Танги","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-iv-tangi","weight":44},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":15,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/15-yanvarya","month":1,"text":"15 января 1955 года","year":1955,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1955"},"id":113965,"kind":"death","people":[{"name":"Ив Танги","slug":"iv-tangi","url":"https://kogda.com/p/iv-tangi"}],"places":[],"slug":"smert-iv-tangi","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/15_января"},"text":"американский художник-сюрреалист французского происхождения","title":"Ив Танги","url":"https://kogda.com/e/smert-iv-tangi","weight":44},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":23,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/23-sentyabrya","month":9,"text":"23 сентября 1897 года","year":1897,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1897"},"id":154135,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Поль Дельво","slug":"pol-delvo","url":"https://kogda.com/p/pol-delvo"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-pol-delvo","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/23_сентября"},"text":"бельгийский художник-сюрреалист","title":"Поль Дельво","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-pol-delvo","weight":40},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":11,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/11-noyabrya","month":11,"text":"11 ноября 1911 года","year":1911,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1911"},"id":161355,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Роберто Себастьян Матта","slug":"roberto-sebastyan-matta","url":"https://kogda.com/p/roberto-sebastyan-matta"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-roberto-sebastyan-matta","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/11_ноября"},"text":"чилийский художник-сюрреалист, скульптор, архитектор и график","title":"Роберто Себастьян Матта","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-roberto-sebastyan-matta","weight":26},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":28,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/28-yanvarya","month":1,"text":"28 января 1924 года","year":1924,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1924"},"id":115787,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Марсель Бродхарс","slug":"marsel-brodhars","url":"https://kogda.com/p/marsel-brodhars"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-marsel-brodhars","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/28_января"},"text":"бельгийский художник-сюрреалист, поэт, кинорежиссёр","title":"Марсель Бродхарс","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-marsel-brodhars","weight":19},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":30,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/30-dekabrya","month":12,"text":"30 декабря 1898 года","year":1898,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1898"},"id":168148,"kind":"birth","people":[{"name":"Жак Риго","slug":"zhak-rigo","url":"https://kogda.com/p/zhak-rigo"}],"places":[],"slug":"rozhdenie-zhak-rigo","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_декабря"},"text":"французский писатель, поэт-сюрреалист, дадаист","title":"Жак Риго","url":"https://kogda.com/e/rozhdenie-zhak-rigo","weight":17},{"category":null,"date":{"calendar":null,"day":5,"day_url":"https://kogda.com/5-noyabrya","month":11,"text":"5 ноября 1929 года","year":1929,"year_url":"https://kogda.com/1929"},"id":160584,"kind":"death","people":[{"name":"Жак Риго","slug":"zhak-rigo","url":"https://kogda.com/p/zhak-rigo"}],"places":[],"slug":"smert-zhak-rigo","source":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","name":"Русская Википедия","url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_ноября"},"text":"французский писатель, поэт-сюрреалист, дадаист","title":"Жак Риго","url":"https://kogda.com/e/smert-zhak-rigo","weight":17}],"facts_total":24,"id":52,"kind":"party","kind_name":"Партии и движения","library":[],"license":"Тексты: Русская Википедия, CC BY-SA 4.0. Люди и места: Wikidata, CC0.","name":"Сюрреализм","people":[{"born_year":1904,"description":"испанский художник-сюрреалист, живописец, график, скульптор, режиссёр, писатель","died_year":1989,"name":"Сальвадор Дали","place":{"name":"Фигерес","slug":"figeres","url":"https://kogda.com/place/figeres"},"portrait":"https://kogda.com/img/p/salvador-dali.jpg","slug":"salvador-dali","url":"https://kogda.com/p/salvador-dali","weight":247,"year":1989},{"born_year":1880,"description":"французский поэт итальянско-польского происхождения. Автор термина «сюрреализм»","died_year":1918,"name":"Гийом Аполлинер","place":{"name":"Рим","slug":"rim","url":"https://kogda.com/place/rim"},"portrait":"https://kogda.com/img/p/gijom-apolliner.jpg","slug":"gijom-apolliner","url":"https://kogda.com/p/gijom-apolliner","weight":109,"year":1880},{"born_year":1896,"description":"французский писатель и поэт, основоположник сюрреализма","died_year":1966,"name":"Андре Бретон","place":{"name":"Теншбре","slug":"tenshbre","url":"https://kogda.com/place/tenshbre"},"portrait":"https://kogda.com/img/p/andre-breton.jpg","slug":"andre-breton","url":"https://kogda.com/p/andre-breton","weight":89,"year":1896},{"born_year":1897,"description":"французский поэт, основоположник сюрреализма («Страстная неделя», «Реальный мир», «Театр-роман»), участник Сопротивления","died_year":1982,"name":"Луи Арагон","place":{"name":"XVI округ Парижа","slug":"xvi-okrug-parizha","url":"https://kogda.com/place/xvi-okrug-parizha"},"portrait":"https://kogda.com/img/p/lui-aragon.jpg","slug":"lui-aragon","url":"https://kogda.com/p/lui-aragon","weight":85,"year":1897},{"born_year":1891,"description":"франко-германский художник, скульптор","died_year":1976,"name":"Макс Эрнст","place":{"name":"Брюль","slug":"bryul","url":"https://kogda.com/place/bryul"},"portrait":"https://kogda.com/img/p/maks-ernst.jpg","slug":"maks-ernst","url":"https://kogda.com/p/maks-ernst","weight":72,"year":1891},{"born_year":1876,"description":"французский скульптор-сюрреалист румынского происхождения","died_year":1957,"name":"Константин Бранкузи","place":{"name":"Париж","slug":"parizh","url":"https://kogda.com/place/parizh"},"portrait":"https://kogda.com/img/p/konstantin-brankuzi.jpg","slug":"konstantin-brankuzi","url":"https://kogda.com/p/konstantin-brankuzi","weight":65,"year":1957},{"born_year":1846,"description":"французский прозаик и поэт, предтеча символизма и сюрреализма","died_year":1870,"name":"Граф Лотреамон","place":{"name":"Монтевидео","slug":"montevideo","url":"https://kogda.com/place/montevideo"},"portrait":"https://kogda.com/img/p/graf-lotreamon.jpg","slug":"graf-lotreamon","url":"https://kogda.com/p/graf-lotreamon","weight":59,"year":1846},{"born_year":1903,"description":"французский писатель-сюрреалист","died_year":1976,"name":"Раймон Кено","place":{"name":"Гавр","slug":"gavr","url":"https://kogda.com/place/gavr"},"portrait":"https://kogda.com/img/p/rajmon-keno.jpg","slug":"rajmon-keno","url":"https://kogda.com/p/rajmon-keno","weight":59,"year":1903},{"born_year":1879,"description":"французский художник-дадаист и сюрреалист","died_year":1953,"name":"Франсис Пикабиа","place":{"name":"Париж","slug":"parizh","url":"https://kogda.com/place/parizh"},"portrait":"https://kogda.com/img/p/fransis-pikabia.jpg","slug":"fransis-pikabia","url":"https://kogda.com/p/fransis-pikabia","weight":57,"year":1879},{"born_year":1900,"description":"американский художник-сюрреалист французского происхождения","died_year":1955,"name":"Ив Танги","place":{"name":"VIII округ Парижа","slug":"viii-okrug-parizha","url":"https://kogda.com/place/viii-okrug-parizha"},"portrait":"https://kogda.com/img/p/iv-tangi.jpg","slug":"iv-tangi","url":"https://kogda.com/p/iv-tangi","weight":44,"year":1900},{"born_year":1897,"description":"бельгийский художник","died_year":1994,"name":"Поль Дельво","place":{"name":"Юи","slug":"yui","url":"https://kogda.com/place/yui"},"portrait":"https://kogda.com/img/p/pol-delvo.jpg","slug":"pol-delvo","url":"https://kogda.com/p/pol-delvo","weight":40,"year":1897},{"born_year":1911,"description":"чилийский художник-сюрреалист, скульптор, архитектор и график","died_year":2002,"name":"Роберто Себастьян Матта","place":{"name":"Сантьяго","slug":"santyago","url":"https://kogda.com/place/santyago"},"portrait":null,"slug":"roberto-sebastyan-matta","url":"https://kogda.com/p/roberto-sebastyan-matta","weight":26,"year":1911}],"qid":"Q39427","slug":"syurrealizm","summary":{"license":"CC BY-SA 4.0","source_url":"https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Сюрреализм","text":"Сюрреали́зм (от фр. surréalisme, дословно — «сверхреализм», «надреализм») — направление в искусстве двадцатого века, сложившееся в 1920-х годах в художественной культуре западного авангардизма. Отличается использованием аллюзий и парадоксальных сочетаний форм. Считается, что сюрреализм развивался более сорока лет, до появления новых течений 1960-х годов. Основоположником сюрреализма считается писатель и поэт Андре Бретон, автор первого манифеста сюрреализма (1924). В пьесе Гийома Аполлинера «Груди Тиресия» (фр. «Les mamelles de Tirésias») 1917 года было введено понятие «сюрреализм». Известными литераторами сюрреализма также были Поль Элюар и Луи Арагон. Выдающимися художниками-сюрреалистами являются Сальвадор Дали, Рене Магритт, Жоан Миро, Джорджо де Кирико, Макс Эрнст; фотографами — Филипп Халсман, Ман Рей, Грета Штерн; кинематографистами — Жан Кокто, Луис Бунюэль, Дэвид Линч."},"title":"Сюрреализм","url":"https://kogda.com/ya/syurrealizm","weight":119,"wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39427"}